SOMMA
A somma volcano, also known as a sommian, is a volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone. The type is named after Mount Somma ("Summit"), a stratovolcano in southern Italy with a summit caldera in which the upper cone of Mount Vesuvius has grown. Other examples of somma volcanoes can be found on Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands, stretching south from Kamchatka to Hokkaidō, Japan.Some examples of somma volcanoes are the following:
Africa
Pico do Fogo (Fogo Island, Cape Verde)
Teide (Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain)
Americas
Cosigüina (Chinandega, Nicaragua)
Tecapa (Usulután Department, El Salvador)
Wizard Island (Oregon, United States)
Lava domes (Mount St. Helens, Washington, United States)
Asia
Ebeko (Paramushir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
Gunung Baru Jari (Segara Anak caldera, Lombok, Indonesia)
Kolokol Group: Kolokol, Berg, Borzov, Trezubetz (Urup Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
Anak Krakatoa (Krakatoa archipelago, Sunda Strait, Lampung, Indonesia): a partially-submerged nested somma volcano (with a central cone within a caldera which is itself within a larger caldera).
Krenitsyn Peak (Tao-Rusyr caldera, Onekotan Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
Medvezhya (Iturup Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
Milna (Simushir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
Pinatubo (Central Luzon, Philippines)
Taal Volcano (Batangas, Philippines)
Tengger caldera (East Java, Indonesia)
Tondano caldera (North Sulawesi, Indonesia)
Sakurajima (Aira caldera, Kyūshū, Japan)
Tyatya (Kunashir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
Urataman (Simushir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia)
Zarechny (Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia)
Europe
Nea Kameni (Santorini caldera, Greece): a partially-submerged somma volcano
Mount Pico (Azores, Portugal)
Mount Vesuvius (Campania, Italy)
Oceania
Mount Gharat (Gaua, Vanuatu)
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